资源

正文

OCPP 1.6J 介绍

OCPP（Open Charge Point Protocol） 是一种用于 电动汽车充电桩（Charge Point） 与 充电管理系统（Central System / CSMS） 之间通信的开放协议。

它定义了消息格式、通信流程、命令集，使不同厂家的设备能够互联互通。

sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    participant CP as Charge Point（客户端）
    participant CS as Central System（服务器）

    Note over CP,CS: 🔌 启动阶段
    CP->>CS: BootNotification
（包含厂商、型号、序列号）
    CS-->>CP: BootNotification.Conf
（注册状态 + 心跳间隔）

    loop 每隔心跳间隔
        CP->>CS: Heartbeat
（保持连接）
        CS-->>CP: Heartbeat.Conf
（返回当前时间）
    end

    Note over CP,CS: 🟢 准备充电
    CP->>CS: StatusNotification
（状态：Available）

    Note over CP,CS: 💳 用户刷卡
    CP->>CS: Authorize
（发送RFID标签）
    CS-->>CP: Authorize.Conf
（返回授权状态）

    Note over CP,CS: ⚡ 开始充电
    CP->>CS: StartTransaction
（connectorId、meterStart、idTag）
    CS-->>CP: StartTransaction.Conf
（transactionId）

    loop 充电过程中
        CP->>CS: MeterValues
（电压、电流、功率等）
        CP->>CS: StatusNotification
（状态：Charging）
    end

    Note over CP,CS: 🟥 停止充电
    CP->>CS: StopTransaction
（transactionId、meterStop、timestamp）
    CS-->>CP: StopTransaction.Conf
（最终授权状态）

    Note over CP,CS: 🧭 结束后状态
    CP->>CS: StatusNotification
（状态：Available）

    Note over CS: 🧩 管理系统可随时下发命令
    CS-->>CP: RemoteStartTransaction / RemoteStopTransaction / UpdateFirmware / TriggerMessage 等

典型的充电流程如下：

BootNotification 注册 → StatusNotification 报告可用 → Authorize 验证用户 → StartTransaction 开始充电 → MeterValues 上报数据 → StopTransaction 结束充电

序号 方向 请求（Req） 响应（Conf） 说明 请求 JSON 响应 JSON
1 Charge Point → Central System Authorize Authorize.conf 校验用户标识（idTag），返回授权结果 [2,"uid-Authorize-1","Authorize",{"idTag":"ABCD1234"}] [3,"uid-Authorize-1",{"idTagInfo":{"status":"Accepted","expiryDate":"2025-12-31T23:59:59Z","parentIdTag":"PARENT123"}}]
2 Charge Point → Central System BootNotification BootNotification.conf 桩启动/重连时上报厂商、型号等，返回当前时间与心跳周期 [2,"uid-Boot-1","BootNotification",{"chargePointVendor":"VendorCo","chargePointModel":"ModelX","chargePointSerialNumber":"CP123456","firmwareVersion":"1.2.3","iccid":"898601234567890","imsi":"460011234567890","meterType":"ACMeter","meterSerialNumber":"MTR-001"}] [3,"uid-Boot-1",{"status":"Accepted","currentTime":"2025-10-23T10:00:00Z","interval":300}]
3 Charge Point → Central System DiagnosticsStatusNotification DiagnosticsStatusNotification.conf 上报诊断日志收集/上传进度状态 [2,"uid-DiagStat-1","DiagnosticsStatusNotification",{"status":"Uploading"}] [3,"uid-DiagStat-1",{}]
4 Charge Point → Central System FirmwareStatusNotification FirmwareStatusNotification.conf 上报固件下载/安装的进度与结果状态 [2,"uid-FwStat-1","FirmwareStatusNotification",{"status":"Installed"}] [3,"uid-FwStat-1",{}]
5 Charge Point → Central System Heartbeat Heartbeat.conf 周期心跳，上报存活并获取当前时间 [2,"uid-HB-1","Heartbeat",{}] [3,"uid-HB-1",{"currentTime":"2025-10-23T10:01:00Z"}]
6 Charge Point → Central System MeterValues MeterValues.conf 上送计量与遥测数据 [2,"uid-MV-1","MeterValues",{"connectorId":1,"transactionId":12345,"meterValue":[{"timestamp":"2025-10-23T10:02:00Z","sampledValue":[{"value":"12.34","context":"Sample.Periodic","format":"Raw","measurand":"Energy.Active.Import.Register","location":"Outlet","unit":"Wh"}]}]}] [3,"uid-MV-1",{}]
7 Charge Point → Central System StartTransaction StartTransaction.conf 通知开始充电（含 connectorId、idTag、meterStart、时间等） [2,"uid-StartTx-1","StartTransaction",{"connectorId":1,"idTag":"ABCD1234","meterStart":1000,"timestamp":"2025-10-23T10:03:00Z","reservationId":42}] [3,"uid-StartTx-1",{"transactionId":12345,"idTagInfo":{"status":"Accepted","expiryDate":"2025-12-31T23:59:59Z"}}]
8 Charge Point → Central System StatusNotification StatusNotification.conf 上报插座/整机状态变化 [2,"uid-Stat-1","StatusNotification",{"connectorId":1,"status":"Charging","errorCode":"NoError","timestamp":"2025-10-23T10:04:00Z","info":"Normal","vendorId":"VendorCo","vendorErrorCode":"0"}] [3,"uid-Stat-1",{}]
9 Charge Point → Central System StopTransaction StopTransaction.conf 通知结束充电（含 meterStop、结束原因等） [2,"uid-StopTx-1","StopTransaction",{"transactionId":12345,"meterStop":1250,"timestamp":"2025-10-23T11:03:00Z","reason":"Remote","idTag":"ABCD1234"}] [3,"uid-StopTx-1",{"idTagInfo":{"status":"Accepted"}}]
10 双向 DataTransfer DataTransfer.conf 厂商自定义扩展消息通道（VendorId、MessageId、自定义数据） [2,"uid-DT-CP2CS-1","DataTransfer",{"vendorId":"Acme","messageId":"CustomPing","data":{"payload":"hello"}}] [3,"uid-DT-CP2CS-1",{"status":"Accepted","data":{"payload":"pong"}}]
11 Central System → Charge Point CancelReservation CancelReservation.conf 取消指定预约 [2,"uid-CancelRes-1","CancelReservation",{"reservationId":42}] [3,"uid-CancelRes-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
12 Central System → Charge Point ChangeAvailability ChangeAvailability.conf 更改设备/插座可用性（Operative/Inoperative） [2,"uid-ChangeAvail-1","ChangeAvailability",{"connectorId":1,"type":"Inoperative"}] [3,"uid-ChangeAvail-1",{"status":"Scheduled"}]
13 Central System → Charge Point ChangeConfiguration ChangeConfiguration.conf 设置单个配置键值 [2,"uid-ChangeCfg-1","ChangeConfiguration",{"key":"HeartbeatInterval","value":"300"}] [3,"uid-ChangeCfg-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
14 Central System → Charge Point ClearCache ClearCache.conf 清空本地授权缓存 [2,"uid-ClearCache-1","ClearCache",{}] [3,"uid-ClearCache-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
15 Central System → Charge Point ClearChargingProfile ClearChargingProfile.conf 按条件清除已下发的充电曲线 [2,"uid-ClearCP-1","ClearChargingProfile",{"connectorId":1,"chargingProfilePurpose":"TxProfile"}] [3,"uid-ClearCP-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
16 Central System → Charge Point DataTransfer DataTransfer.conf 厂商自定义扩展消息通道（服务器发起） [2,"uid-DT-CS2CP-1","DataTransfer",{"vendorId":"Acme","messageId":"CustomQuery","data":{"ask":"status"}}] [3,"uid-DT-CS2CP-1",{"status":"Accepted","data":{"status":"ok"}}]
17 Central System → Charge Point GetCompositeSchedule GetCompositeSchedule.conf 请求合成调度功率曲线 [2,"uid-GetCompSch-1","GetCompositeSchedule",{"connectorId":1,"duration":3600,"chargingRateUnit":"W"}] [3,"uid-GetCompSch-1",{"status":"Accepted","connectorId":1,"scheduleStart":"2025-10-23T10:30:00Z","chargingSchedule":{"duration":3600,"chargingRateUnit":"W","chargingSchedulePeriod":[{"startPeriod":0,"limit":7000},{"startPeriod":1800,"limit":3500}]}}]
18 Central System → Charge Point GetConfiguration GetConfiguration.conf 查询一个或多个配置键及其值/可写性 [2,"uid-GetCfg-1","GetConfiguration",{"key":["HeartbeatInterval","MeterValuesSampleInterval","NonExistingKey"]}] [3,"uid-GetCfg-1",{"configurationKey":[{"key":"HeartbeatInterval","readonly":false,"value":"300"},{"key":"MeterValuesSampleInterval","readonly":true,"value":"60"}],"unknownKey":["NonExistingKey"]}]
19 Central System → Charge Point GetDiagnostics GetDiagnostics.conf 请求采集并上传诊断日志，返回日志文件名 [2,"uid-GetDiag-1","GetDiagnostics",{"location":"http://example.com/diag/","retries":4,"retryInterval":60,"startTime":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","stopTime":"2025-10-23T23:59:59Z"}] [3,"uid-GetDiag-1",{"fileName":"diag_20251023.log"}]
20 Central System → Charge Point GetLocalListVersion GetLocalListVersion.conf 查询本地白名单版本号 [2,"uid-GetLLV-1","GetLocalListVersion",{}] [3,"uid-GetLLV-1",{"listVersion":12}]
21 Central System → Charge Point RemoteStartTransaction RemoteStartTransaction.conf 远程启动充电 [2,"uid-RemoteStart-1","RemoteStartTransaction",{"connectorId":1,"idTag":"ABCD1234","chargingProfile":{"chargingProfileId":10,"stackLevel":0,"chargingProfilePurpose":"TxProfile","chargingProfileKind":"Relative","chargingSchedule":{"chargingRateUnit":"W","chargingSchedulePeriod":[{"startPeriod":0,"limit":7000},{"startPeriod":1800,"limit":3500}]}}}] [3,"uid-RemoteStart-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
22 Central System → Charge Point RemoteStopTransaction RemoteStopTransaction.conf 远程停止指定交易 [2,"uid-RemoteStop-1","RemoteStopTransaction",{"transactionId":12345}] [3,"uid-RemoteStop-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
23 Central System → Charge Point ReserveNow ReserveNow.conf 预约指定插座给某个 idTag [2,"uid-Reserve-1","ReserveNow",{"connectorId":1,"expiryDate":"2025-10-23T12:00:00Z","idTag":"ABCD1234","parentIdTag":"PARENT123","reservationId":42}] [3,"uid-Reserve-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
24 Central System → Charge Point Reset Reset.conf 软/硬复位充电桩 [2,"uid-Reset-1","Reset",{"type":"Hard"}] [3,"uid-Reset-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
25 Central System → Charge Point SendLocalList SendLocalList.conf 下发/替换/差分更新本地白名单 [2,"uid-SendLL-1","SendLocalList",{"listVersion":13,"updateType":"Differential","localAuthorizationList":[{"idTag":"ABCD1234","idTagInfo":{"status":"Accepted","expiryDate":"2025-12-31T23:59:59Z","parentIdTag":"PARENT123"}},{"idTag":"EFGH5678","idTagInfo":{"status":"Blocked"}}]}] [3,"uid-SendLL-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
26 Central System → Charge Point SetChargingProfile SetChargingProfile.conf 下发充电曲线（功率/电流/能量限制及时间片） [2,"uid-SetCP-1","SetChargingProfile",{"connectorId":1,"csChargingProfiles":{"chargingProfileId":10,"stackLevel":0,"chargingProfilePurpose":"TxProfile","chargingProfileKind":"Relative","transactionId":12345,"chargingSchedule":{"chargingRateUnit":"W","duration":3600,"chargingSchedulePeriod":[{"startPeriod":0,"limit":7000},{"startPeriod":1800,"limit":3500}]}}}] [3,"uid-SetCP-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
27 Central System → Charge Point TriggerMessage TriggerMessage.conf 触发桩主动发送某类消息（如 Heartbeat、StatusNotification 等） [2,"uid-Trigger-1","TriggerMessage",{"requestedMessage":"Heartbeat","connectorId":1}] [3,"uid-Trigger-1",{"status":"Accepted"}]
28 Central System → Charge Point UnlockConnector UnlockConnector.conf 远程解锁插座/电缆 [2,"uid-Unlock-1","UnlockConnector",{"connectorId":1}] [3,"uid-Unlock-1",{"status":"Unlocked"}]
29 Central System → Charge Point UpdateFirmware UpdateFirmware.conf 下发固件更新任务（URL、计划时间等） [2,"uid-UpdateFW-1","UpdateFirmware",{"location":"http://example.com/fw.bin","retrieveDate":"2025-10-23T10:05:00Z","retries":3,"retryInterval":60}] [3,"uid-UpdateFW-1",{}]

Steve 服务端

快速部署

​ Steve 基于 Java、MySQL（XMAPP） 和 Maven。安装之。

​ Docker 的操作了老半天，没成功😅。老老实实手动配置。

建立数据库：

1
2
3
CREATE DATABASE stevedb CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;  
CREATE USER 'steve'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'changeme';  
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON stevedb.* TO 'steve'@'localhost';

设置 MySQL 时区与 Java 一致：

1
SET GLOBAL time_zone = '+00:00';

从 Release steve-3.8.0 · steve-community/steve 处获取 Release。在此工作目录下：

如果要让 Steve 在局域网都能访问，找到工作目录中的 main.properties，修改参数：

1
server.host = 0.0.0.0

Maven 构建：

1
mvnw.cmd clean package

成功后会在 target/ 目录生成 steve.jar。运行之（算了，见招拆招吧）：

1
java -jar target/steve.jar

访问 http://localhost:8080/steve/manager/：输入默认密码：

  • Name: admin
  • Password: 1234

webp

注册充电桩

  • 导航到 Data Management >> Charge Points >> Add

  • 输入 ChargeBox ID: CP01

webp

快速测试 Websocket 连接：

1
2
npm install -g wscat
wscat -c ws://localhost:8080/steve/websocket/CentralSystemService/CP01 --subprotocol ocpp1.6

注册 OCPP Tags

  • 导航到 Data Management >> OCPP Tags
  • 输入 ID Tag: 04A1B2C3D4E5F6

webp

Python 客户端

使用 uv 构建一个客户端项目：

1
2
3
uv init
uv add websockets
uv add ocpp

然后来一段客户端代码：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
import asyncio
import logging
import websockets
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from ocpp.v16 import ChargePoint as cp
from ocpp.v16 import call, call_result
from ocpp.v16.enums import Action, RemoteStartStopStatus
from ocpp.routing import on

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)


class ChargePoint(cp):
    def __init__(self, id, connection):
        super().__init__(id, connection)
        self.transaction_id = None
        self._running = True  # 控制心跳循环

    @on(Action.remote_start_transaction)
    async def on_remote_start_transaction(self, id_tag, connector_id=None, **kwargs):
        print(f"收到远程启动命令: id_tag={id_tag}")
        await self.start_transaction(id_tag, connector_id or 1)
        return call_result.RemoteStartTransaction(
            status=RemoteStartStopStatus.accepted
        )

    async def send_boot_notification(self):
        request = call.BootNotification(
            charge_point_model="PythonClient",
            charge_point_vendor="GPT-Lab"
        )
        response = await self.call(request)
        print(f"BootNotification response: {response}")
        return response

    async def send_heartbeat_periodically(self, interval=60):
        while self._running:
            try:
                request = call.Heartbeat()
                response = await self.call(request)
                print(f"Heartbeat at {response.current_time}")
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                break
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Heartbeat error: {e}")
            await asyncio.sleep(interval)

    async def authorize(self, id_tag):
        request = call.Authorize(id_tag=id_tag)
        response = await self.call(request)
        print(f"Authorize response: {response}")
        return response

    async def start_transaction(self, id_tag, connector_id=1):
        request = call.StartTransaction(
            connector_id=connector_id,
            id_tag=id_tag,
            meter_start=0,
            timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
        )
        response = await self.call(request)
        self.transaction_id = response.transaction_id
        print(f"StartTransaction response: transaction_id={self.transaction_id}")
        return response

    async def stop_transaction(self, meter_stop=100):
        if not self.transaction_id:
            print("没有活动的充电事务")
            return

        request = call.StopTransaction(
            meter_stop=meter_stop,
            timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
            transaction_id=self.transaction_id
        )
        response = await self.call(request)
        print(f"StopTransaction response: {response}")
        self.transaction_id = None
        return response

    async def user_input_loop(self):
        print("\n可用命令:")
        print("1. authorize <id_tag> - 授权")
        print("2. start <id_tag> [connector_id] - 开始充电")
        print("3. stop [meter_stop] - 停止充电")
        print("4. quit - 退出")

        while True:
            try:
                user_input = await asyncio.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(
                    None, input, "\n请输入命令: "
                )
                parts = user_input.strip().split()
                if not parts:
                    continue

                command = parts[0].lower()

                if command == "authorize":
                    if len(parts) < 2:
                        print("用法: authorize <id_tag>")
                        continue
                    id_tag = parts[1]
                    await self.authorize(id_tag)

                elif command == "start":
                    if len(parts) < 2:
                        print("用法: start <id_tag> [connector_id]")
                        continue
                    id_tag = parts[1]
                    connector_id = int(parts[2]) if len(parts) > 2 else 1
                    await self.start_transaction(id_tag, connector_id)

                elif command == "stop":
                    meter_stop = int(parts[1]) if len(parts) > 1 else 100
                    await self.stop_transaction(meter_stop)

                elif command == "quit":
                    print("退出程序...")
                    self._running = False
                    break

                else:
                    print(f"未知命令: {command}")

            except Exception as e:
                print(f"错误: {e}")


async def main():
    url = "ws://localhost:8080/steve/websocket/CentralSystemService/CP01"
    async with websockets.connect(url, subprotocols=["ocpp1.6"]) as ws:
        cp_client = ChargePoint("CP01", ws)

        heartbeat_task = asyncio.create_task(cp_client.send_heartbeat_periodically(30))
        start_task = asyncio.create_task(cp_client.start())
        boot_task = asyncio.create_task(cp_client.send_boot_notification())
        user_input_task = asyncio.create_task(cp_client.user_input_loop())

        # 等待用户退出
        await user_input_task

        # 停止其他任务
        for task in [heartbeat_task, start_task, boot_task]:
            task.cancel()
            try:
                await task
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                pass


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

运行后，会先开始注册（BootNotification）：

1
2
3
4
INFO:ocpp:CP01: send [2,"722f481d-b370-45b5-b79a-531a817fd664","BootNotification",{"chargePointModel":"PythonClient","chargePointVendor":"GPT-Lab"}]
Heartbeat at 2025-10-22T02:09:38.152Z
INFO:ocpp:CP01: receive message [3,"722f481d-b370-45b5-b79a-531a817fd664",{"status":"Accepted","currentTime":"2025-10-22T02:09:38.170Z","interval":14400}]
BootNotification response: BootNotification(current_time='2025-10-22T02:09:38.170Z', interval=14400, status='Accepted')

webp

1
2
3
4
5
可用命令:
1. authorize <id_tag> - 授权
2. start <id_tag> [connector_id] - 开始充电
3. stop [meter_stop] - 停止充电
4. quit - 退出

输入授权指令 authorize 04A1B2C3D4E5F6：

1
2
3
INFO:ocpp:CP01: send [2,"80c82dba-f675-4c44-be26-6f13be9ed2fb","Authorize",{"idTag":"04A1B2C3D4E5F6"}]
INFO:ocpp:CP01: receive message [3,"80c82dba-f675-4c44-be26-6f13be9ed2fb",{"idTagInfo":{"status":"Accepted","expiryDate":"2025-10-22T03:06:32.251Z"}}]
Authorize response: Authorize(id_tag_info={'status': 'Accepted', 'expiry_date': '2025-10-22T03:06:32.251Z'})

输入开始充电指令 start 04A1B2C3D4E5F6 1：

1
2
3
INFO:ocpp:CP01: send [2,"781eb407-6aa7-4932-9efb-be89904be691","StartTransaction",{"connectorId":1,"idTag":"04A1B2C3D4E5F6","meterStart":0,"timestamp":"2025-10-22T02:09:40.259971+00:00"}]
INFO:ocpp:CP01: receive message [3,"781eb407-6aa7-4932-9efb-be89904be691",{"transactionId":3,"idTagInfo":{"status":"Accepted","expiryDate":"2025-10-22T03:09:40.310Z"}}]
StartTransaction response: transaction_id=3

webp

输入停止充电指令 stop：

1
2
3
INFO:ocpp:CP01: send [2,"e1af87c7-3e9b-4a99-9580-ceb401e4592f","StopTransaction",{"meterStop":100,"timestamp":"2025-10-22T02:26:33.954835+00:00","transactionId":5}]
INFO:ocpp:CP01: receive message [3,"e1af87c7-3e9b-4a99-9580-ceb401e4592f",{}]
StopTransaction response: StopTransaction(id_tag_info=None)

webp

Icon
Icon
Icon
Icon
上一篇：OS-终端、进程组和 UNIX Shell
下一篇：OS-访问操作系统对象